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ENDOCRINE GLANDS KEY WORDS OR SENTENCES TO UNDERSTAND FOR 2ND YEAR STUDENTS

 

ASSALAM  U  ALAIKUM !

I hope all of you are fine and happy . You are reading TN WRITES . In today’s  post I am going to tell you about key words/Sentences to understand and learn Endocrine Glands from Chapter 17 of Biology (2nd year class). On the last you can also find a pdf file in which all of this is available in table form you can also download that pdf file through GOOGLE  DRIVE ………

So Let’s Start :-‘’’’’’’

Table of contact :-





Gland /Hormone :-

Somatotrophic hormone

Control of Secretion :-

Somatotrophin releasing factor

Functions :-

> Growth and development

>Cell growth and cell division

>Increase rate of protein synthesis after adolescence

Hypo secretion :-

>Dwarfism

>Symptoms associated with lack of thyroid and adrenal hormones

Hyper Secretion :-

>During childhood = Gigantism

>Adult life = Acromegaly

>Enlarged hands and feet , Skull , nose & Jaw bone

---------------------------------------------------------

Gland /Hormone :-

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Control of Secretion :-

Thyrotrophin Releasing factor (TRF)

Functions :-

Stimulate thyroid gland and increase their No. Of secretions

Hypo secretion :-

Hypothyroidism

Hyper Secretion :-

Hyperthyroidism

----------------------------------------------------------

Gland /Hormone :-

ACTH

Control of Secretion :-

>ACTRF

>Steroid level in blood

>Stress like cold,heat,pain,fright,infections

Functions :-

Syimulate secretion of corticosteroids

Hypo secretion :-

Disturbance of normal Adrenal function

Hyper Secretion :-

Disturbance of normal Adrenal function

----------------------------------------------------------

Gland /Hormone :-

Gonadotrophic hormone , FSH , LH , ICSH , Prolactin , LTH

Control of Secretion :-

>FSH and LH

> Gn RH

>Prolactin (Produced from pituitary inhibited by PIF from hypothalamus )

Functions :-

• FSH

> In Females

1. Stimulates follicles development

2. Secretion of estrogen

> In Males

1. Sperms production

2. Development of germinal epithelium of testes

• Prolactin

1. Milk production

•LH

1. Ovulation (With FSH)

2. Maintain corpus luteum (With prolactin)

• ICSH (Only in males )

1. Secrete testosterone

 ----------------------------------------------------------

Gland /Hormone :-

MSH ( From median lobe of pituitary )

Control of Secretion :-

>Inhibited by MSH inhibitory hormone >External light

Functions :-

>Stimulate production of melanin by melanocytes in skin and hair

Hyper Secretion :-

>Increase in pregnancy and in ADDISON'S DISEASE

>Darkening of skin

-----------------------------------------------------------

Gland /Hormone :-

Anti-Diuretic hormone (ADH)

Control of Secretion :-

>Dehydration

>Decrease in blood volume

>Low blood pressure

>Osmotic pressure of blood detected by osmoreceptors in Hypothalamus

Functions :-

Reabsorption of water from collecting duct

Hypo secretion :-

>Diabetes Inspidus

•Increase dilute urine

•Increse thrist

Hyper Secretion :-

Kidney Problems

----------------------------------------------------------

Gland /Hormone :-

Oxytocin

Control of Secretion :-

>Distention of cervix

>Decrease progesterone level

>Nervous stimuli during parturition and suckling

Functions :-

>Induce labour pain

>Milk ejection

Hypo secretion :-

Decrease labour contraction

Hyper Secretion :-

Rupturing of uterine wall3

----------------------------------------------------------

Gland /Hormone :-

Thyroid Gland

    >Two lobes

    >Either side of trachea inferior to larynx

•Triiodothyronine-T3

•Tetraiodothyronine-T4(Thyroxin)

•Calcitonin

Control of Secretion :-

>Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

>Rapid growth period

>Sexual maturation

>Stress like cold and hunger

Functions :-

>T3 and T4

  •Increase basal metabolic rate by glycolysis and generate ATP

  •Growth , and act directly on brain cells causing them to differentiate (with somatotrophic Hormone)

  •In Amphibians , they bring about the process of metamorphosis

  •Development of nervous system in fetus and infants

  •Increase motility GIT

Hypo Secretion :-

>Congenital-Critinism

•Abnormal development

•Small coarse scanty hair

•Thick Yellow scaly skin

•Mentally retarded

•Sexually immature►

  ► Later in Life Due to Deficiency of lovline causes - GOITER

>Adult - Myxedema

•Deposition of excess fat

•Increase weight

•Puffiness of hands and skin

•Mentally retarded

Hyper Secretion :-

>Graves' Disease

  Production of Abnormal Protein that stimulate Thyroid Gland

•Exophthalmic goiter

•Increase B.M.R

•Cardiac failure (If Prolonged)

----------------------------------------------------------

Gland /Hormone :-

Calcitonin

Control of Secretion :-

High calcium in blood

Function :-

Deposit calcium in bones

Hpyo Secretion :-

Disturbance in function of muscle and Nervous System and Kidney Stones 

Hyper Secretion :-

 Disturbance in function of muscle and Nervous System

 ----------------------------------------------------------

Gland /Hormone :-

Parathyroid gland

 >Posterior Part in Lateral Lobe of Thyroid    

 >Four in Number

   •Parathormone

Control of Secretion :-

Low calcium in blood

 Functions :-

Control Calcium level in Blood

 Hypo secretion :-

 Tetany   

Hyper Secretion :-

Muscle weakness Bone weakness Kidney stones

----------------------------------------------------------

Gland /Hormone :-

Adrenal medulla

Adrenaline

Nor-adrenaline 

Control of Secretion :-

Stress

Functions :-

•Epinephrine

•Dilate blood vessels of Skeletal muscles and increase heart output

•Nor-epinephrine

•Vaso constriction of gut

•Both increase blood pressure Release of glucose from liver glycogen

Hypo secretion :-

Cannot face stress situation

Hyper Secretion :-

Hypertension

----------------------------------------------------------

Gland /Hormone :-

Adrenal cortex

 •Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

 • Corticosterone

 •Mineralocorticoid (Aldosterone)

 • Androgens

 Control of Secretion :-

Glucose and mineral levels in the blood

 Functions :-

>CORTISOL

    • Regulate blood glucose level by protein breakdown

>MINERALOCORTICOID

   •Regulate mineral ion balance by preventing loss from kidney.

>CORTICOSTERONE

   •Regulate Glucose and mineral ion balance in the body

>ANDROGENS

  •Development of secondary male characters.

Hypo secretion :-

>ADDISON'S DISEASE

  •Weakness of muscle action

  •Loss of salts

  •Stress situation can cause death

Hyper Secretion :-

>CUSHING DISEASE

  Excess increase of Protein breakdown cause Muscle & bone weakness.

>ANDROGENS

  In female development of male characteristics

 ----------------------------------------------------------

Gland/Hormone:-

Gonads

 >Ovary

    •ESTROGEN

    •PROGESTERONE

 >TESTES

    •TESTOSTERONE

    •17 B Hydroxy testosterone

Control of Secretion :-

>ESTROGEN

  Ripening (Graffian) follicles

 •Puberty

>PROGESTERONE

Ruptured Follicles

•Corpus luteum in response to LH

>TESTES

•  ICSH

•From sex organs of Fetus

Functions :-

>ESTROGEN

•Heal and repair endometrium

•Release LH from Pituitary

•Make uterine cells glandular to provide nutrition to the embryo

>PROGESTERONE

•Inhibit FSH

•Thickening & vascularization of endometrium

•Maintain pregnancy

•Suppresses ovulation

>TESTES

•Mature male reproductive organs

•Secondary sex characters

•Sex drive

•Sperm production

Hypo Secretion :-

>ESTROGEN

 •Sexually immature

 •Sterility in adults

>PROGESTERONE

 •Decreases chances of pregnancy

 •Early menstruation

 •Miscarriage

>TESTES

•Femine characteristics

•Male sterility

Hyper Secretion :-

 Abnormal growth in uterus 

-------------------------------------------------------------

Gland/Hormone :-

 >GUT

   •GASTRIN

   •SECRETIN

Control of Secretion :-

>Gastrin

  •Protein Food in Stomach

  •Mucosa of pyloric region of Stomach

>Secretin

  • Acidic Chyme

Functions :-

>Gastrin

   Secrete Gastric Juice  

>Secretin

   Bile and Pancreatic Secretion

----------------------------------------------------------

Gland/Hormone :-

>PANCREAS (Islets of Langerhans)   •INSULIN

•GLUCAGON

Control of Secretion :-

>Insulin

  High GLUCOSE in Blood from Beta cells of Langerhans

>Glucagon

Low Glucose in Blood from  alpha cells of Langerhans

Functions :-

>Insulin

  Decrease Glucose Concentration in Blood by

   •Glycogenesis

   •Increase Use of Glucose in Cellular respiration

  •Gluconcogenesis

>Glucagon

  •Convert Glycogen to glucose

  •Increase breakdown of fats

Hypo Secretion :-

>Insulin

  •DIABETES MELLITUS

  •TOXIC metabolites from fat accumulate

>Glucagon

   •Hypoglycemia

Hyper Secretion :-

>Insulin

   • Hypoglycemia

>Glucagon

   •Hyperglycemia

-------------------------------------------------------------

You can also find the whole data I have mentioned above in  table form available as PDF file . You can also download this pdf file for future use ………


to access the pdf file just click the below download pdf file text


                                       Download PDF File






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